"Your body is the instrument upon which your soul is played. Provided, your instrument is in tune and your music well-composed, then your concert hall will always be filled" David R Andrews(2012)
Friday, October 9, 2015
Tuesday, October 6, 2015
Wednesday, September 16, 2015
Propositional Calculus Proofs (4)
Th17) ⊢ ¬T ⇒ (T ⇒ U)
1.) ⊢ (¬U ⇒ ¬T) ⇒ (T ⇒ U) Lk3
2.) ⊢ ¬T ⇒ [(¬U ⇒ ¬T) ⇒ (T ⇒ U)] Th1
3.) ⊢ [¬T ⇒ (¬U ⇒ ¬T)] ⇒ [¬T ⇒ (T ⇒ U)] Th2
4.) ⊢ ¬T ⇒ (¬U ⇒ ¬T) Lk1
5.) ⊢ ¬T ⇒ (T ⇒ U) MP 3,4
1.) ⊢ (¬U ⇒ ¬T) ⇒ (T ⇒ U) Lk3
2.) ⊢ ¬T ⇒ [(¬U ⇒ ¬T) ⇒ (T ⇒ U)] Th1
3.) ⊢ [¬T ⇒ (¬U ⇒ ¬T)] ⇒ [¬T ⇒ (T ⇒ U)] Th2
4.) ⊢ ¬T ⇒ (¬U ⇒ ¬T) Lk1
5.) ⊢ ¬T ⇒ (T ⇒ U) MP 3,4
Tuesday, September 15, 2015
CIC Proofs (5)
Th12) ⊢ (P ⇒ Q) ⇒ [(Q ⇒ R) ⇒ (P ⇒ R)]
1.) (P ⇒ Q) ⇒ [(Q ⇒ R) ⇒ (P ⇒ Q)] Lk1
2.) ⊢ (Q ⇒ R) ⇒ [(P ⇒ Q) ⇒ (P ⇒ R)] Th11
3.) ⊢ (P ⇒ Q) ⇒ {(Q ⇒ R) ⇒ [(P ⇒ Q) ⇒ (P ⇒ R)]} Th1
4.) ⊢ (P ⇒ Q) ⇒ [(Q ⇒ R) ⇒ (P ⇒ R)] Th9
1.) (P ⇒ Q) ⇒ [(Q ⇒ R) ⇒ (P ⇒ Q)] Lk1
2.) ⊢ (Q ⇒ R) ⇒ [(P ⇒ Q) ⇒ (P ⇒ R)] Th11
3.) ⊢ (P ⇒ Q) ⇒ {(Q ⇒ R) ⇒ [(P ⇒ Q) ⇒ (P ⇒ R)]} Th1
4.) ⊢ (P ⇒ Q) ⇒ [(Q ⇒ R) ⇒ (P ⇒ R)] Th9
Th13) A ⇒ (B ⇒ C), (D ⇒ B) ⊢ A ⇒ (D ⇒ C)
1.) ⊢ D ⇒ B Hyp
2.) ⊢ (D ⇒ B) ⇒ [(B ⇒ C) ⇒ (D ⇒ C)] Th12
2.) ⊢ (D ⇒ B) ⇒ [(B ⇒ C) ⇒ (D ⇒ C)] Th12
3.) ⊢ (B ⇒ C) ⇒ (D ⇒ C) MP 1,2
4.) ⊢ A ⇒ (B ⇒ C) Hyp
5.) ⊢ A ⇒ (D ⇒ C) Th5
Th14) O ⇒ (U ⇒ V), (V ⇒ W) ⊢ O ⇒ (U ⇒ W)
1.) ⊢ V ⇒ W Hyp
2.) ⊢ (V ⇒ W) ⇒ [(U ⇒ V) ⇒ (U ⇒ W)] Th11
3.) ⊢ (U ⇒ V) ⇒ (U ⇒ W) MP 1,2
4.) ⊢ O ⇒ (U ⇒ V) Hyp
5.) ⊢ O ⇒ (U ⇒ W) Th5
1.) ⊢ V ⇒ W Hyp
2.) ⊢ (V ⇒ W) ⇒ [(U ⇒ V) ⇒ (U ⇒ W)] Th11
3.) ⊢ (U ⇒ V) ⇒ (U ⇒ W) MP 1,2
4.) ⊢ O ⇒ (U ⇒ V) Hyp
5.) ⊢ O ⇒ (U ⇒ W) Th5
Th15) ⊢ [G ⇒ (H ⇒ J)] ⇒ [H ⇒ (G ⇒ J)] Law of Commutation
1.) ⊢ [G ⇒ (H ⇒ J)] ⇒ [(G ⇒ H) ⇒ (G ⇒ J)] Lk2
2.) ⊢ H ⇒ (G ⇒ H) Lk1
3.) ⊢ [G ⇒ (H ⇒ J)] ⇒ [H ⇒ (G ⇒ J)] Th13
Th16) ⊢ A ⇒ [(A ⇒ B) ⇒ B] Law of Assertion
1.) ⊢ (A ⇒ B) ⇒ (A ⇒ B) Th3
2.) ⊢ [(A ⇒ B) ⇒ A] ⇒ [(A ⇒ B) ⇒ B] Th2
3.) ⊢ A ⇒ [(A ⇒ B) ⇒ A ] Lk1
4.) ⊢ A ⇒ [(A ⇒ B) ⇒ B] Th5
1.) ⊢ [G ⇒ (H ⇒ J)] ⇒ [(G ⇒ H) ⇒ (G ⇒ J)] Lk2
2.) ⊢ H ⇒ (G ⇒ H) Lk1
3.) ⊢ [G ⇒ (H ⇒ J)] ⇒ [H ⇒ (G ⇒ J)] Th13
Th16) ⊢ A ⇒ [(A ⇒ B) ⇒ B] Law of Assertion
1.) ⊢ (A ⇒ B) ⇒ (A ⇒ B) Th3
2.) ⊢ [(A ⇒ B) ⇒ A] ⇒ [(A ⇒ B) ⇒ B] Th2
3.) ⊢ A ⇒ [(A ⇒ B) ⇒ A ] Lk1
4.) ⊢ A ⇒ [(A ⇒ B) ⇒ B] Th5
Monday, September 14, 2015
Sunday, September 13, 2015
Formula Synthesis (Examples)
Assume D = [●,○,●,○] is the set of desired truth values for an unknown formula D. Since, D has four values, D must have two atomic components. Allow A and B to be atomic components of D. If A = [○,○,●,●] and B = [○,●,○,●], then the minterms of A and B are (A ∧ B) = [○,●,●,●] , (A ∧ ¬B) = [●,○,●,●] , (¬A ∧ B) = [●,●,○,●] , (¬A ∧ ¬B) = [●,●,●,○]. Consequently, (A ∧ ¬B) and (¬A ∧ ¬B) are the proper minterms to choose. When combined into a disjunction [(A ∧ ¬B) ∨ (¬A ∧ ¬B)] = [●,○,●,○] = D.
Assume C is an unknown formula and C = [○,●,●,●,●,●,●,●]. C must have three atomic components because there are eight truth values in C. If E, F, and G are the atomic components of formula C, then [(E ∧ F) ∧ G] = [○,●,●,●,●,●,●,●] is the only minterm needed because C has only one true truth value. C is what is called a "consensus" formula because E, F, and G must all be true in order for C to be true.
Assume C is an unknown formula and C = [○,●,●,●,●,●,●,●]. C must have three atomic components because there are eight truth values in C. If E, F, and G are the atomic components of formula C, then [(E ∧ F) ∧ G] = [○,●,●,●,●,●,●,●] is the only minterm needed because C has only one true truth value. C is what is called a "consensus" formula because E, F, and G must all be true in order for C to be true.
Back To Basics (5) Formula Synthesis
A logical formula possessing only one occurrence of ○ in its truth table is called a minterm.
The above examples can be used to construct logical formulae for any desired pattern of truth values given it has two components. Assume R is the desired yet unknown formula with two true and two false values and in the order. (Blogger is being stupid right now. I will have to put the truth values in row vector form... For some reason it won't let me upload another photo)
So, R = [○,○,●,●] and C1 = [○,●,●,●] C2 = [●,○,●,●] where C1 C2 are component formula. According to the above table C1 is the third column from the left and C2 is the fourth column from the left. Once the formulae are identified use a disjunction between the two component formula. C1 ∨ C2 or R ⇔ (A ∧ B) ∨ (¬A ∧ B). The formula is in what is called disjunctive normal form. It is a sequence of conjunctions divided by disjunctions.
The above examples can be used to construct logical formulae for any desired pattern of truth values given it has two components. Assume R is the desired yet unknown formula with two true and two false values and in the order. (Blogger is being stupid right now. I will have to put the truth values in row vector form... For some reason it won't let me upload another photo)
So, R = [○,○,●,●] and C1 = [○,●,●,●] C2 = [●,○,●,●] where C1 C2 are component formula. According to the above table C1 is the third column from the left and C2 is the fourth column from the left. Once the formulae are identified use a disjunction between the two component formula. C1 ∨ C2 or R ⇔ (A ∧ B) ∨ (¬A ∧ B). The formula is in what is called disjunctive normal form. It is a sequence of conjunctions divided by disjunctions.
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